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Author Guidelines

General

Authors are advised to review the sections on author responsibilities, publishing policies, and official statements (https://researcherslinks.com/contents/statements#authorsrightsandobligations )

before completing their manuscripts according to the Author’s Guidelines.

Submission of the Manuscript
Types of Manuscript
Formatting of the Manuscript
Formatting of References
Preparation of Figures
Preparation of Tables
Referees Recommendations

Return of Galley Proofs

Submission of the Manuscript

When submitting a manuscript, one must ensure that:

  • The manuscript is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
  • All authors have approved the submission and publication of the manuscript.
  • Approval from the relevant institution has been obtained, if required.
  • The authors permit editorial revisions to the paper for clarity and readability.

Types of Manuscript

A.  Research Article:

A Research Article presents complete details of the study’s findings. The main text should be divided into sections with brief subheadings. This should be followed by additional data and figures needed to support the manuscript’s conclusions. All data must be available in either the main text or the supplementary materials or must be deposited at a publicly accessible repository and cited in the manuscript. The manuscript should include the following sections:

  • Title Page
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Materials and Methods
  • Results, Discussion (or combined Results and Discussion),
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • Tables
  • Figure Legends.
  •  

B.  Letter:

These should be short notes on important scientific discoveries, giving brief results and detailed findings can be published later.

C.  Review Article:

Reviews must be novel, insightful, and authoritative syntheses of fields that have shown wide-reaching progress over the past 3 to 5 years. Reviews are not conference or workshop summaries and cannot contain analysis of unpublished data. Reviews can be up to 5500 words, schematic figures should be produced by the authors and not reproduced from elsewhere. Ideally, there should be 1-3 authors. About 20% of the reference list should refer to the authors’ own work. Unsolicited offers of Reviews are considered. A few solicited reviews are also published.

Formatting of the Manuscript

  • Title and Authorship Information Page (first page of the manuscript)
  • Title of the manuscript
  • Full names of author(s)
  • Full institutional mailing addresses
  • Email address(es), telephone and fax number of corresponding author(s)

Abstract:

The manuscript must include an abstract. The abstract should not contain any references and must clearly and accurately summarize the main focus of the study. The word count should not exceed 350 words.

Introduction:

This section should provide a comprehensive yet focused overview of the existing literature related to the study. Authors should summarize key findings from previous research, identify gaps or unresolved questions, and explain how the present study addresses these gaps. The introduction must establish the significance and context of the work so that readers clearly understand the scientific background and rationale behind the study.

The introduction should conclude with a clear statement of the study’s objectives, hypotheses, or research questions. Subheadings may be used to organize the content and improve readability, especially when covering multiple themes or concepts.

Materials and Methods:

This section should provide complete and precise experimental and analytical details so that readers can accurately replicate the procedures without needing to contact the authors. All methods, instruments, materials, protocols, and analytical techniques must be described clearly and unambiguously. When previously published methods are used, authors should provide appropriate citations and describe any modifications made.

For improved clarity and ease of understanding, it is recommended that the Materials and Methods section be organized under relevant subheadings. Subsections may include, for example, study design, sample collection, experimental procedures, analytical methods, statistical analyses, or any other components necessary for full reproducibility.

Results and Discussion:

This section may be organized using subheadings or may be presented as a combined Results and Discussion section, depending on the nature of the manuscript and the type of study. Authors should choose the structure that best communicates their findings and supports a logical flow of information.

Conclusions:

This section should clearly present the main conclusions of the study concisely. It should be limited to one paragraph and must not simply repeat information already presented in the manuscript. Authors should emphasize the significance, relevance, and potential implications of their findings, highlighting how the study contributes to the field or addresses existing gaps in knowledge.

Acknowledgments:

All acknowledgments, if any, should be included in the manuscript before the References section. This may consist of expressions of gratitude for technical assistance, contributions from colleagues, funding support, or grants that facilitated the research. Authors should ensure that all individuals and organizations acknowledged have given their consent to be mentioned.

Conflict of Interest:

If no conflicts of interest exist, authors should include the following statement in this section of the manuscript:
The author(s) declare(s) that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this article.”

If any conflicts of interest are present, they must be clearly disclosed in this section.

Formatting of References

References cited in the text should follow these formats:

  • Single author: Ikram, 2023
  • Two authors: Ikram and Hussain, 2023
  • More than two authors: Ikram et al., 2023

Journal names should be abbreviated according to the latest edition of the World List of Scientific Periodicals.

References in the Reference List should be arranged alphabetically and formatted according to the category of the source, as described below:

  1. Journal
    Aziz, B., Khurshid, A., Ahmat, L., Khan, J. A., Alam, M.& Ikram, M. (2023). In vitro evaluation of the cytotoxic potential of ficuspalmata and its combination with chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy. Laser Phys. Lett. 20(5) 055601.
  2.  Book 

       Steen, W. M. (2020). Laser Material Processing. 4th Edition, Sringer, UK

  1. Chapter in Edited Book
    Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Copyright Year). Title of the book chapter.In A. A. Editor & B. B. Editor (Eds.), Title of the book (2nd ed., pp. #–#).Publisher. DOI or URL.

Example

Carter, W.M. (1995). Coherence Theory. In M. Bass (Editor), Handbook of Optics (Volume 1, 2nd ed., pp. 4.1-4.28). McGraw-Hill Inc., New York, USA.

  1. PhD thesis
    Aziz, (2024).Plant extract mediated chemo photodynamic therapy. PhD thesis, PIEAS, Islamabad, Pakistan.
  2. Web Page
    Cancer Research UK. (2025, December 8). Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) for non-melanoma skin cancer.https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/skin-cancer/treatment/photodynamic-therapy

Preparation of Figures

Figures should be submitted as separate files and uploaded to the online submission system together with the manuscript. All figures must be cited in the text in consecutive order. Figures should be provided in .jpg or .jpeg format, ensuring high resolution and clarity.

Preparation of Tables

Tables should be submitted as separate files and uploaded to the online submission system (eSubmit) along with the manuscript. All tables must be cited consecutively in the text, and table titles or headings should not be abbreviated.

Referees Recommendations

Authors are required to provide at least six foreign experts from industrially developed countries. Only experts with whom the authors have no prior connection or collaboration will be considered. Full name, affiliation, and email address of each expert must be provided during the online submission process. Reviewers must also not be affiliated with the institution or university from which the manuscript has been submitted.

Please note that these recommendations are for reference only and do not guarantee selection as reviewers. The Editor reserves the right to choose reviewers from the authors’ suggestions or to select reviewers independently and anonymously, based on the manuscript’s scope and the nature of the study.

For Authors Resubmitting Their Articles After Revisions:

Authors resubmitting their manuscripts after revisions should carefully address all comments and suggestions from reviewers. A detailed point-by-point response (rebuttal) must be provided, clearly indicating how each comment has been addressed. Changes in the manuscript should be highlighted to facilitate the review process. Failure to follow these instructions may result in delays in editorial evaluation.

Return of Galley Proofs

The formatted galley proof and the author’s query form will be sent only to the corresponding author(s) and must be returned within 3-4 days of receipt. It is the responsibility of the corresponding author(s) to consult all co-authors for any corrections and for thorough proofreading.